A griqualand west in the southwest and b transvaal in the northeast. The transvaal boer republic state from 1852 to the united kingdom of great britain and irelands annexation of it in 1902. Limpopo weathered inliers of pietersburg group sediments. Transvaal definition and meaning collins english dictionary. The area intruded by the complex is characterized by abutting and contrasting successions of the upper transvaal supergroup i. Transvaal supergroup, which begins with the wolkberg group in the eastern transvaal basin. Gly 163 earth history the transvaal supergroup nils lenhardt earth history transvaal supergroup. Lowpotash pillowbasalts in the pretoria group, transvaal supergroup.
Both transvaal and bushveld rocks are extensively mineralized, the former containing large deposits of iron, manganese, asbestos, andalusite. The groundwater resources potential and quality characteristics of the greater johannesburg area, was thoroughly assessed using hydrogeochemical and environmental isotope. The name transvaal refers to the provinces geographical location to the north of the vaal river. Geological society of america bulletin, published online on 27 february 2014 as doi. Special edition in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the geology department at the university of pretoria. Thermal subsidence along the ventersdorp supergroup and transvaal protobasinal fault systems led to shallow epeiric marine deposition of the sheet like. Council for geoscience open file report, 20010027o, 122. Effects of metamorphism and metasomatism on manganese. The late archaeanearly proterozoic transvaal sequence is preserved within the transvaal, kanye and griqualand west basins, with the 2050 ma bushveld complex intrusive into the upper portion of the succession within the transvaal basin. Little is known about plate tectonic reconstruction of the kaapvaal craton in southern africa during the early paleoproterozoic, in particular for the period between 2. Potential of sulfur mif signals originated from weathering of preexisting smif. Pdf the transvaal supergroup and its precursors researchgate. On our way to prieska, on the farms elandsfontain and koupoort south of griekwastad.
Timing and tempo of the great oxidation event pnas. Hamersleytransvaaltype bif has no apparent link to penecontemporaneous volcanism. Sequence stratigraphic concepts are applied to the 2. Understanding the groundwater dynamics is very important for strategic management of the water resource as urbanization and population growth put south africas current water supply under tremendous stress. Deconstructing the transvaal supergroup, south africa. The transvaal supergroup is mainly preserved within the transvaal and the correlated griqualand west basin in south africa on the archean kaapvaal craton. Geology of the palaeoproterozoic daspoort formation pretoria group, transvaal supergroup, south africa. The limpopo river marked its border with botswana and zimbabwe to the north, while the vaal river marked its boundary with orange free state province to the south. The transvaal supergroup is a stratigraphic unit in northern south africa and southern botswana, situated on the kaapvaal craton, roughly between 23 and 29 degrees southern latitude and 22 to 30 degrees eastern longitude. Deconstructing the transvaal supergroup, south africa core. The northeastern part is thought to be deposited within small basins that widened to the southwest towards the. Type examples are found in the hamersley group australia and in the transvaal supergroup of south africa. Transvaal historical province, south africa britannica. The supergroup is made up of basal protobasinal rocks, upon which followed the black.
Report on the annual meeting of the transvaal working. This provides an up to date picture of the temporal distribution of volcanic events. An overview of the geology of the transvaal sequence and bushveld complex, south africa. Source and age of upper transvaal supergroup, south africa. October 2019 november 2019 december 2019 january 2020 february 2020 march 2020 april 2020. Sediments of the tarkastad subgroup beaufort group. Visualizing the volcanic history of the kaapvaal craton. Moore, harilaos tsikos and stefane polteau geology department, rhodes university, grahamstown 6140, south africa department of earth sciences, university of oxford, parks road, ox1 3pr, united kingdom abstract. In the transvaal subbasin, the transvaal supergroup is divided into the lower chuniespoort and upper pretoria groups and mostly consists of a. Overlying the transvaal supergroup are the sedimentary rocks of the karoo supergroup, dwyka group tillites, shale, the ecca group shales, sandstones, conglomerates and coal beds in places near the base and the top. Cases and solutions an overview of the geology of the transvaal supergroup dolomites south africa p. An overview of the geology of the transvaal sequence and.
The chuniespoort group strata including the malmani subgroup platform in the transvaal basin of south africa are thought to have been. Sensitivity analysis of cos biogeochemical cycling model. Therefore, understanding the nature of groundwater circulation and hydrogeochemical characteristics of the aquifers is crucial for sustainable development of the countrys water resources. Manganesebearing minerals in ancient strata provide a particularly informative record of the redox potentials of ancient earth surface environments due to. It is delimited by the witwatersrand basin 2,700 mya and the bushveld igneous. Extending the paleogeographic range and our understanding of the neoarchean monteville impact spherule layer transvaal supergroup, south africa bruce m. Griqualand west, the transvaal supergroup is divided into three distinct subgroupsthe middle of these, the campbellrand subgroup, is represented by an extensive, 2 km thick marine platform. It lies unconformably on the volcanosedimentary rocks of the ventersdorp supergroup and the sedimentary.
The origin of the gold and uranium ores of the black reef. The transvaal supergroup is preserved within three structurallyconstrained basins on the kaapvaal craton of southern africa. The sequence stratigraphic concept and the precambrian. Gauteng witwatersrand, ventersdorp and transvaal supergroups. A thesis submitted to the university of manchester. Current correlations between the pretoria and postmasburg groups of the transvaal supergroup are shown to be invalid. Simplified geological map of the transvaal supergroup in the transvaal and griqualand west basins, kaapvaal craton, south africa. The other dominant rock type is the rocks collectively referred to as the transvaal diabase. Dated samples and results bold are shown in stratigraphic context and collectively, unlock the longheld correlation between the basalts of the ongeluk and hekpoort. Geological background potential of sulfur mif signals originated from weathering of preexisting smif sensitivity analysis of cos biogeochemical cycling model fig. The campbellrandmalmani carbonate platform of the transvaal supergroup, south. Pdf an overview of the geology of the transvaal supergroup. General stratigraphy of the transvaal supergroup and the bushveld complex the bushveld complex comprises the voluminous, bimodal intrusive magmas of mafic and felsic characteristics into predating transvaal supergroup sediments and rooiberg group volcanics. The transvaal basin is one of three basins of the transvaal supergroup on the kaapvaal craton.
The platform began as a carbonate ramp and developed into a mature. Paleomagnetism of a neoarcheanpaleoproterozoic carbonate ramp and carbonate platform succession transvaal supergroup from surface outcrop and drill. A kaapvaal craton barcode map was produced using the existing geochronological data with addition of more recent data. A geographical region in south africa between the vaal and limpopo rivers. This thesis examines the geology of the daspoort formation pretoria group, transvaal supergroup of south africa, with the accent on describing and interpreting its sedimentology. Most economically important bifhosted ore deposits are restricted to this type of bif. Supplementary materials for california institute of. An overview of the geology of the transvaal supergroup dolomites. This file may not be posted to any web site, but authors may post. Because of the importance of the transvaal supergroup for economic e. The transvaal supergroup is a stratigraphic unit in northern south africa and southern. Desktop database compilation of sacs unit information. Geology of the palaeoproterozoic daspoort formation.
The age and country rock provenance of the molopo farms. For this interval, paleomagnetic data for the kaapvaal craton are scarce, and do not allow. The sedimentary and tectonic setting of the transvaal supergroup. The transvaal supergroup is located in the transvaal basin in south africa, and rests on the northern and western parts of the kaapvaal craton. Geological setting university of the witwatersrand. Isotopic constraints on the late archean carbon cycle from. Upper transvaal supergroup kuruman griquatown black ridge thrust upper transvaal supergroup gtf01 kuruman formation griquatown formation schmidtsdrif nauga formation klein naute sw ne banded iron formation shale carbonate platform kamden member slope and sandstone basinal ongeluk formation koegas subgrp makganyene hotazel fm. An overview of the geology of the transvaal supergroup dolomites south africa article pdf. University of the witwatersrand, economic geologyresearch unit, 1973 g780 j597ic no. The sequence is preserved in areas historically known as the transvaal basin in the central kaapvaal craton, and the griqualand west basin in the western part of the craton fig. It was bounded by mozambique and swaziland to the east and by cape province to the west. Altermann abstract in the neoarchaean intracratonic basin of sitional stages, but mainly during early diagenesis.
These are the kanye, griqualand west and transvaal subbasins. Laboratory hydraulic calibrationof the helleysmith bedload sediment sampler. In the neoarchaean intracratonic basin of the kaapvaal craton, between approximately 2640 ma and 2516 ma, two successive stromatolitic carbonate platforms developed. The black reef formation is the basal lithostratigraphic unit of the late archean to early proterozoic transvaal supergroup els et al. Deposition started with the schmidtsdrif subgroup, which is probably oldest in the southwestern part of the basin, and which contains stromatolitic carbonates, siliciclastic sediments and minor lava flows. In the neoarchaean intracratonic basin of the kaapvaal craton, between approximately 2640 ma and 2516 ma, two successive stromatolitic c. Provinsie transvaal, commonly referred to as the transvaal. Software and computer requirements this software has been designed to run in a 32bit microsofttm windows. An overview of the geology of the transvaal supergroup. Molar tooth structures of the neoarchean monteville formation, transvaal supergroup, south africa. Neoarchaean tectonic history of the witwatersrand basin. Sequence stratigraphic development of the neoarchean transvaal. The youngest upb ages of detrital zircon grain populations within 6 analysed samples are dominated by ages between 2018 39 ma and 2276 19 ma.
1204 1097 161 380 697 376 1271 903 954 1136 871 1111 1445 1372 599 1525 646 183 1080 409 1467 71 517 321 969 1305 96 959 1370 777 368 879 469 251